The Immortality of Love in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

Love is a word that cannot be given one simple definition. Love is a different thing to different people. Love has extreme powers. It has started great wars, and it can cause people to do unbelievable things. Jane Austen has a very clear opinion on love and personal relationships, and she makes various statements about these personal relationships throughout her novel Pride and Prejudice. In Pride and Prejudice, two sisters who come from a somewhat disrespected family embark on separate journeys where they find true love. Jane, the eldest sister of the Bennet family, develops a romance with a charming rich man named Bingley. Elizabeth, the main character of the story develops feelings of hatred toward a rich snobbish man named Darcy, a man she ends up marrying. Additionally, Austen adds side romances to the novel, depicting very different relationships. While relationships are quite different today, Austen’s theme that love trumps all still exists. It is truly impossible to believe that relationships have not changed at all since Austen’s time. Pride and Prejudice took place in a setting where the male had complete authority over the female, and primogeniture decided who received the family fortune. However, most of Austen’s main points about personal relationships still ring true today. For instance, Austen begins her novel by saying, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). People inShow MoreRelatedPrejudice and Pride Illustrated in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1485 Words   |  6 Pagesin this novel, but pride and prejudice are deeply woven into the thematic core of Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus† (Austen). This tormented narrative explores the destructive powers of these two isolating traits. Pride, an unreasonable and inordinate self-esteem and ego, and prejudice, a lack of empathy and negative bias against an individual, both prevent the human characters in â€Å"Frankenstein† from exercising objectivity and openness towards the monster. Pride by the monster’sRead MoreEssay about British Romanticism1831 Words   |  8 Pagesthere were still men in the world motivated by greed and pride. But they did not let this knowledge force them into a state of despondency; instead, they looked forward to the future, when such things might improve (Bernbaum). Romantics hoped that one day mans imagination would awaken and life could be what it was meant to be: free, natural, beautiful, and humane (Bernbaum xxvii). This desire for a natural life came from the Romantics love and admiration of nature. To him, nature was emotionally

Case Study On Motivation Example

Essays on Case Study On Motivation Coursework Motivation First, Middle Initial (s), Last Affiliation Motivation Motivation plays a role of fundamental significance within an organization. It is a tool that determines the prosperity of a firm. Motivation is one of the most powerful factors that influence employees to explore their maximum potential and meet the objective of a firm (Marios, 2009). In the case study, there are two key challenges that will be reviewed and outlined by this paper. This paper is obligated to elaborate the challenges and propose ultimate solution to the issues. ChallengesInability to meet the required deadline and decrease in the quality of work output are the two main challenges that are associated with lack of motivation. The challenges above transparently shows that employees lack the driving force that tends to persuade them to take action and produce maximum work output. Lack of the motivation factor can make an individual fail to meet the targeted goal. Recommendation Motivating workers through re wards is the most suitable of curbing the challenges. There are strategies that should be adapted or implemented to enhance the achievement of a desirable workplace behavior. Rewarding individuals who have depicted or exhibited an outstanding performance is among the strategies (Marios, 2009). This comprises of rewarding the staffs for the extra time at work. This will always encourage the workers to be motivated and be content with their work. Among the rewards which are always proposed includes job promotions, tokens and gifts, and vacation holidays. Before the implementation of the excellent award, the manager should know the weakness of the forms and areas that require improvement or boost. The awards should be set against such areas. This will motivate them because they will have a feeling that their hard work has been noticed. The awards that should be implemented are supposed to be implemented to ensure it is standard and constant (Marios, 2009). An example is the reward for the most hardworking, the most improved, team or the year, and the most inspiring among many others. Some of the awards should be given to the clients. This will encourage clients to keep on coming back for their services so as to win the award.ReferencesMarios, K (2009). Strategic Management. Carlisle: Routledge

Interviewing Individuals with Intellectual Disability for Justice

Question: Discuss about theInterviewing Individuals with Intellectual Disability for Justice. Answer: Introduction In any justice proceeding, communication with the witnesses plays an essential role. With the development of the judicial system of all the nations from global perspectives, a major concern has been identified, which is communicating with witnesses or victims with intellectual disability. It has also been observed that individuals with intellectual disability exhibit complications associated with communication which is seen to further magnify during rigorous court room procedures. Considering the above mentioned aspect, the core emphasis of the essay would be on critically analyzing and proposing new piece of guidance for individuals with intellectual disabilities to communicate effective in court proceedings. On analyzing the issue of complications with effective communication on the part of the individuals with intellectual disabilities, it has been observed that the level of issues with communication process may vary from one individual to another. However, on highlighting upon the information of the various surveys conducted on the issue, it has been noticed that the percentage of population with intellectual disabilities having difficulty with communication varies from 78% to 89%. On the basis of the present data, the extent to which individuals with intellectual disability are suffering from the issue can be identified (Bull, 2010). However, these data fail to demonstrate the impact on the individuals who are facing the complication with effective communication. Hence, in order to further enhance the communication process with the individuals with intellectual disability, and provide with new guidelines associated with, it is essential to discuss and identify the impact on the indivi duals with intellectual disability on their communication process. In the process of interviewing individuals with intellectual disability there are various factors associated which such condition that impacts the communication process of these individuals which are required to be perceived on the part of interviewer. Among the various factors, the core emphasis will be given on physical, sensory and intellectual factors (Cambridge, Forrester-Jones, 2007). In this context it is mentionable here that intellectual factors and its development is deeply intermingled with the enhancement of communication skills. It has been observed that enhanced level of intellectual ability makes it easy on the part of the individuals to learn language and have enhanced level of language skills as a result of which the capability to deal with tasks requiring higher level of intellectual capability also enhances. Thus, having limited intellectual ability is observed to restrict the ability of learning language on the part of those individuals which in turn results in i ssues with intellectual enhancement which is observed to be particularly relevant in case short term memory [STM]. Phonological loop, an aspect of STM when gets affected process of verbal material also gets impacted adversely impacting the verbal communication (Milne Bull, 2007). In addition to the above mentioned aspect, due to the issue associated with intellectual factor associated with intellectual disability, other than the impact of language, non-verbal communication also gets affected. Here, it is mentionable that, in the process of communication elements like ostention, context and relevance is required which gets affected in case of impaired intellectual disability. Another essential aspect in this context is sensory impairment which impacts the communication that includes both hearing and visual complications. In case of individuals experiencing sensory impairment, sensory loss is associated with the condition. Visual impairment from a segregated sense does not have any long term impact on the communication process, however, when it gets associated with hearing impairment along with intellectual disability, it becomes further complicated (Jenkins, 2007). Hearing impairment is directly associated with communication complications. It has been further observed that 60% of the individuals with intellectual disability suffer from hearing loss. This is applicable in case of visual problems. In a forensic situation such complication has actual implications for witnessed events. In terms of physical factors associated with intellectual disability, it is mentionable that it is broader as compared to simple controlling different parts body parts associated with communication. In this context it can be stated that individuals with limited ability of movement will have limited knowledge of the world which also hinders the communication process (Fisher, 2010). Thus the above made discussion clearly reflects the various impacts of physical, intellectual and sensory factors associated with intellectual disability that affects the communication process adversely. In order to enhance the commutation process, implement appropriate strategies for the intellectually challenged individuals and ascertain involvement from legal context there are two essential aspects associated with it which are required to be highlighted, that includes stages and sequences of typical development and the factors that impacts enhancement of communication process and makes it a success. Considering the above two aspects, one of prime necessity in order to enhance health literacy. The reason being, individuals having intellectual disabilities are observed to have limited health literacy (Cederborg Lamb, 2008). With the help of enhanced the level of health literacy of the individuals with intellectual disability, the ability of the patient to understand and read health information, engagement with the healthcare services and barriers associated with it can be eliminated. Similarly, in case of individuals using pre-symbolic communication, it is required to be perceived on the part of the interviewers those individuals will not be able to use or understand symbolic forms of communication like pictures, speech or signs. The section of people is highly dependent and relies on individuals surrounding them to interpret the facial expressions, vocalizations and body language (Gudjonsson Pearse, 2011). Thus, on the part of the interviewers, they are required to emphasize on the importance of presence of familiar individuals of the intellectually disabled individuals and communicate in their presence. They are also required to look into their way of approaching and focus on body language and facial expression in the process of communicating with them, which would make the process effective in nature. In the process of interviewing them symbolic communication is also required to be highlighted as, approximately 60% of the individuals with intellectual disabilities are capable of using symbolic methods of communication which includes symbols, pictures, signs or speech for the purpose of communication. With the help of using this technique, the victims/witnesses who are experiencing intellectual disability may be made to respond to such pictorial narrations. In addition to the above mentioned aspect, the interviewers are required to look into effective verbal communication. The reason being, in most cases of intellectual disabilities, they are observed to have mild disabilities associated with communication skills (Cederborg Lamb, 2008). Herein, the interviewer are required to fragment the information, for it to be easily comprehendible on the part of the individual with such condition along with the use of sign language, pictorial expression of the communication can be effective strategy to communication with them which would help in effective communication on the part of the individuals. In addition to the above mentioned aspect, on the part of the interviewer, the techniques associated with pragmatics is required to be implemented which would help enhancing the communication skills of the interviewer in a way to engage the victim/ witness with intellectual disabilities. It enhances the skills associated with communication pattern, th e way it is used to convey information. Other than the above mentioned aspect, there are certain other strategies which are required to be implemented on the part interviewers to ensure integration and effective communication of the individuals with intellectual disability (Boardman, Bernal and Hollins, 2014). One of such mentionable technique is easy availability of pictorial leaflets and picture books. With the help of presentation of visual information, as compared to auditory information, they can be disseminated with effective information. In this particular strategy, drawings, pictures will require to be integrated which would help in disseminating information in an effective manner. The interviewers can also integrate talking mats with the help of the views and opinions of the victims/witnesses can be recorded on the basis of which the judicial decision making can be effective made. Similarly, with the help of beyond words strategy, individuals who are unable to read, they can be communicated with the scenarios and their opinion can be collected. With the help of implementation of the above mentioned aspects Section 53 of Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 can be effectively complied which states that at every stage associated with criminal proceeding all the individuals are capable to provide with evidence. The section further states that conditions must be formulated wherein they are able to perceive the question stated to them and provide answer to it. Thus with the help of the above mentioned strategy it can be complied (Macpherson, 2007). Other than that, equality for all can be ensured upholding the judicial effectiveness and supremacy is another major advantage associated with it. However, in the process of applying these strategies the legislative procedure may get complicated that may adversely impact the judicial proceeding. In order to make the judicial proceeding associated with vulnerable witnesses, various legislation has been formulated. One of such mentionable legislation is Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 which provided with special measures in order to make provide vulnerable witnesses with required support during the legal process. Under the particular legislation, Section 23 Screening Witness from Accused have been implemented as a procedural requirement for witnesses under Section 16 (children, vulnerable adults) and Section 17 (distressed or intimidated witnesses). Another mentionable procedural requirement for vulnerable witnesses has been formulated under Section 24 of the legislation requiring evidence by live link. With the help of this procedural requirement, the vulnerable witnesses are entitled to provide with evidence in a distance location from the actual courtroom. Under Section 25 of the legislation Evidence given in private has been formulated that are required in cases involving sexual offences. Under the provision, all the press members and public are removed from the court, whereas only parties associated with court process remains within the court (Legislation.gov.uk, 2017). Section 26 of the legislation requires Removal of wigs and gowns in the process of vulnerable individuals providing with their witnesses. Similarly, Section 27 of the legislation puts forward the requirement for video recorded interview. This helps in protecting the vulnerable witnesses and safeguarding them from hassle associated with court room procedure a nd minimizes the intimidation associated with it. Under Section 28 of the legislation Video recorded cross examination has been proposed which not only helps in determining the authentication of the witness but also helps in understanding if coercion has been implemented. Section 29 emphasizes on Examination of Witness trough an intermediately which acts as a contributing factor for the witnesses vulnerable in nature to convey the entire incident (eradar.eu, 2017). Section 30 of the legislation emphasizes in providing with Aids to communication for the vulnerable witness which is highly beneficial for witnesses having communication issues and optimizes there scope of providing evidence with the help of communication aid. In the process of interviewing individuals vulnerable in nature, there are certain skills required on the part of the interviewer. One of such essential skill required on the part of interviewer is communication skill. To get in depth of the matter, the interviewer is required to have the skill to simplify the language. It is essential for the interviewer, which interviewing individuals vulnerable in nature particularly having intellectual disability to have skills associated with supplementary modes of communication which includes knowledge associated with symbols, signs, gestures (Newburn et al., 2012).. The interviewer is also required to learn to perceive unconventional communication pattern of the interviewee. It is important for the interviewer, in such cases to understand the importance of time. In other words, interviewers are required to provide the interviewee with required time to respond which would help in making the communication process effective and fruitful. The inte rviewers are also required to have language skills wherein, in the communication process the interviewer are required to incorporate expressive language in which the interviewer can incorporate video or audio recording for the purpose of translation of the information making it easy for the interviewee to comprehend the conveyed information. The interviewer is also have comprehensive skills which helps them determine the about of information they want to provide, so that the interviewee can understand the conveyed information which helps it easy for them to comprehend and answer effectively (Newburn et al., 2012). The interviewer is also required to have skills associated with assessing communication, which would help in making the communication process effective in nature. Herein, the interviewer is required to look into observation, interaction and asking other which would help in getting an insight to the communication process and develop it further. Having effective assessing sk ills would also help the interviewer to look into language skills, phonological skills, communication competencies, on the basis of which the communication process can be further enhanced by the interviewer and help in attaining the required information. In the above made discussion the legislation associated with vulnerable witness have been discussed i.e. special measures under Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. There are certain usefulness associated with such legislation that helps in making the communication process in the court processing effective in nature (Macpherson, 2007). Under Section 24 the provision of evidence by live link has been formulated. The main advantage associated with the process is it helps in minimizing the stress on the vulnerable witnesses associated with cross-examination. However, the major issue associated with this provision is defendant is having the scope to see the witness which in cases involving criminal trials intimidates the witness and risks their security (Legislation.gov.uk, 2017). The purpose of formulating Section 25 Evidence given in private and Section 26 Removal of wigs and gowns had the similar intention. Similarly under the provision of Section 27, video recorded interview the main purpose was minimizing of intimidation on the part of the witnesses vulnerable in nature. However the main concern associated with the provision is it is exposed to the risks associated with technical problems. Section 29 which stated Examination of Witness trough an intermediately as a requirement in court proceeding, the major advantage associated with its use is perceived enhancement in the skills of the part of the vulnerable individuals. However, the major issues identified to be associated with it is, lack of training on the part of the police and the use of intermediately is applicable in different stages of criminal proceeding which may be different as a result of which the processing may be adversely impacted. Similarly, under Section 30 of the legislation Aids to communication have been formulated the major advantage associated with it is it helps witnesses with communication difficulties to communicate effective and provide with witnesses with the help of commun ication aid (Burton et al., 2007). However, the major issue with the provision is it is not very effective in providing support to witnesses who are children. Hence, it can be noticed that though the legislations have been formulated to support vulnerable witnesses, there are certain flaws associated with it which are required to be addressed. Conclusion Thus on the basis of the above made discussion it can be observed that individual intellectually disabled who are associated with judicial proceeding is a complex and delicate matter, which is required to be dealt with optimum level of concern. This requires skills on the part of interviewer, effective application of the legislation and awareness regarding the issue which would help in making this court proceeding effective in nature. References Boardman, L., Bernal, J. and Hollins, S. (2014). Communicating with people with intellectual disabilities: a guide for general psychiatrists. [online] rcpsych.org. Available at: https://apt.rcpsych.org/content/aptrcpsych/20/1/27.full.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Bull, R. (2010). The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/professional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15(1), 5-23. Burton, M., Evans, R., Sanders, A. (2007). Are Special Measures for Vulnerable and Intimidated Witnesses Working?: Evidence from the Criminal Justice Agencies. London: Home Office. Cambridge, P., Forrester-Jones, R. (2007). Using individualised communication for interviewing people with intellectual disability: a case study of user-centred research. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 28(1), 5-23. Cederborg, A. C., Lamb, M. (2008). Interviewing alleged victims with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), 49-58. eradar.eu. (2017). Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. [online] Available at: https://www.eradar.eu/youth-justice-and-criminal-evidence-act-1999/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Fisher, R. P. (2010). Interviewing cooperative witnesses. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15(1), 25-38. Gudjonsson, G. H., Pearse, J. (2011). Suspect interviews and false confessions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(1), 33-37. Jenkins, P. (2007). Book Review: The Adversarial Process and the Vulnerable Witness (Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 353-355). Sage UK: London, England: SAGE Publications. Legislation.gov.uk. (2017). Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/contents [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Macpherson, C. (2007). The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999: Achieving Best Evidence?. Medicine, Science and the Law, 48(39), pp.230-236. Milne, R., Bull, R. (2007). Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions, 7-24. Newburn, T., Williamson, T., Wright, A. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of criminal investigation. Routledge.

The Battle of Jutland free essay sample

The Battle of Jutland was the largest sea battle in World War I. It was fought on May 31st June 1st 1916. The battle was fought in the North Sea near Jutland, which is a mainland in Denmark. The plan was to lure, trap, and destroy a section of the British grand fleet and also break the British naval blocade in the North Sea. The plan of the Germans was to use Vice Admiral Franz Hippers scouting group of five battlecruisers to lure Vice Admeral Sir David Beattys battlecruisers into the path of the main German fleet to destroy them. However, the British had learned from signal intercepts that a major fleet operation was likely, and on May 30th, Jellicoe sailed with the Grand Fleet to rendezvous with Beatty. On May 31st, Beatty and Hipper found each other, and in a running battle to the south Hipper drew the British face to face with the High Seas Fleet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of Jutland or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beatty turned around and fled towards the Grand Fleet and from the afternoon until nightfall at about the two huge fleets (totaling 250 ships between them) were heavily engaged. Fourteen British and eleven German ships were sunk with great loss of life. Jellicoe tried to cut the Germans off from their base in the hope of continuing the battle in the morning, but Scheer crossed the wake of the British fleet and returned to port. Both sides claimed victory. The British had lost more ships and many more sailors, and the British press criticized the Royal Fleets actions, but Scheer’s plan of destroying Beatty’s squadrons had failed!

Classic Pen Co. Case Essays

Classic Pen Co. Case Essays Classic Pen Co. Case Essay Classic Pen Co. Case Essay Classic Pen Co. Case In the past Classic Pen Company had been the low-cost producer of black and blue pens and had profit margins over 20% of sales. Over the last five years Pen Co. decided to start producing red and purple pens. They require the same basic production technology but can be sold at 3% and 10% premium selling prices. Sales Manager Dennis Selmor is just seeing the financial results and is not happy with the numbers. The first issue that Pen Co. is facing is their decline in profitability. Even though the numbers show the red and purple pens are more profitable individually (red 14. %, purple 18. 2%), the overall return on sales is declining (13. 5%). A second issue that Pen Co. has is the issue of addition of resource costs. It requires a substantial amount of time for physical changeover of production from one colour pen to another. Particularly changing from another colour to red. The final issue Pen Co. faces is the increase of costs related t o scheduling and purchasing activities. Most of the indirect labour costs and computer system costs are related to scheduling and purchasing. Pen Company’s declining profitability could be based on the amount of the company’s overhead. They have determined overhead to be 300% of direct labour costs, when previously the overhead cost was only 200%. The make-up of this overhead is indirect labour, fringe benefits, computer systems, machinery, maintenance, and energy. The reason for such a large increase in overhead is because of the higher demand for indirect costs due to the addition of more complex and specialized products. While the cost for direct labour per one unit is the same for each colour of pen produced. The cost for indirect labour is made up of three different activities: 50% for handling production runs ($10,000), 40% for physical changeover or set up costs ($8,000), and 10% for maintaining records or parts administration ($2,000). The cost for computer systems is made up of two activities: 80% for production run activities ($8,000), and 20% for record keeping or parts administration ($2,000). Finally the remaining indirect costs are the machinery ($8,000), maintenance ($4,000), and energy ($2,000). These are all used to supply the machine with the capacity to produce the pens with a total of $14,000. Overall Classic Pen Co. must improve upon several areas of demand in order to increase its profitability similar to what it had been in the past. They need to increase their planning and try to adjust their current planning system and organizing. They could invest in more computers to increase the amount of scheduling being done by computers and as a result lower their indirect labour costs. Finally I recommend they should invest in some more machines to produce the different colour pens in. This would have a high cost of capital but would eventually save the company money in the labour cost and time required for the physical changeover between colours Calculation Page Indirect LabourMachine Support Handling Production Runs = 10,000Machinery = 8,000 Set Up = 8,000Maintenance = 4,000 Parts Administration = 2,000Energy = 2,000 Fringe Indirect Labour = 8,000Total = 14,000 Computer SupportFringe for Direct Labour Handling Production Runs = 8,000Fringe = 8,000 Parts Administration = 2,000 Total Overhead = 60,000 Calculating Activity Rate Activities| Activity Cost| Cost Driver #| Calculation| Activity Rate| 1) Handling PR| 22,000| 150| 22,000/150| 146. 67 / Run| 2) Set Up| 12,000| 526| 12,000/526| 22. 81 / Hour| 3) Parts Admin. | 4,000| 4| 4,000/4| 1000 / Product| 4) Machine Support| 14,000| 10,000| 14,000/10,000| 1. 4 / Hour| 5) Fringe DL| 8,000| 20,000| 8,000/20,000| 0. 4 / DL Cost| Total| 60,000| | | |

Practice in Identifying Adjectives

Practice in Identifying Adjectives This exercise will give you practice in recognizing adjectivesthe part of speech that modifies (or qualifies the meaning of) nouns. To learn more about adjectives in English, see: Adding Adjectives and Adverbs to the Basic Sentence UnitPractice in Turning Adjectives Into AdverbsSentence Building with Adjectives and AdverbsSentence Combining With Adjectives and Adverbs Instructions The sentences in this exercise have been adapted from those in two paragraphs of E.L. Doctorows novel Worlds Fair (1985). (To read Doctorows original sentences, go to Ritual in Doctorows Worlds Fair.) See if you can identify all the adjectives in these 12 sentences. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers on page two. Grandmas room I regarded as a dark den of primitive rites and practices.She had two wobbly old candlesticks.Grandma lit the white candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room clean and tidy.She had a very impressive hope chest covered with a shawl and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a plain rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a flat box packed with a medicinal leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most consistent and mysterious ritual.She removed the lid from this blue box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made tiny pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the thin wisps of smoke.The smell was pungent, as if from the underworld. Here are the answers to the  Exercise in Identifying Adjectives. Adjectives are in bold print. Grandmas room I regarded as a  dark  den of  primitive  rites and practices.She had  two wobbly old  candlesticks.Grandma lit the  white  candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room  clean  and  tidy.She had a very  impressive  hope chest covered with a  shawl  and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a  plain  rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a  flat  box packed with a  medicinal  leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most  consistent  and  mysterious  ritual.She removed the lid from this  blue  box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made  tiny  pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the  thin  wisps of smoke.The smell was  pungent, as if from the underworld. See also:  Exercise in Identifying Adverbs

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence Essay

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence - Essay Example According to the researchers, an industry cluster may be defined as a geographical adjacent group of interrelated industrial firms and connected institutions which is linked by unity and harmony. In an organisational form, clusters offer more flexibility to the industrial firms in the ever- changing industrial environment. In other words, the extent along with the nature of link between the customers, the suppliers and the competitors determine the various advantages of industrial cluster with respect to industrial structure. The emergence of industry clusters has made an exceptional mark as well as caused a significant variation in regional financial performance of the United States and Germany. Through the occurrence of pioneering clusters of the companies and industries such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry, the researchers observed that the above mentioned industrial units attained strong financial performance d ue to the presence of modernised clusters. Thus, it can be stated that during the emergence of industry clusters lie a significant as well as mention worthy effect upon attaining strong and well organised financial performance which is performed by the industrial units such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry. The industry clusters act as a source of local modernisation along with improvement towards geographic attention of various business organisations, industrial firms and related trade institutions that include standard agencies and trading organisations among others. ... rgement, the formation and the progression of industry clusters such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry are elaborately discussed. Supportive theories and evidences along with various prescribed policy recommendations regarding the emergence and impact of industry clusters will also be taken into concern in the discussion of this paper. Key Facts of the Industry Clusters There are various factors that are associated with industry clusters that encompass a favourable business situation which is an elementary requirement for activating industrial agglomeration (Klepper, 2009). The factors that include steady macroeconomic atmosphere, government institutional structure, enhanced legal system, and modernised technologies are regarded as a few of the encouraging factors for industrial clustering. The factors that include deficiency of low labour cost, trained labours and professionals, scarcity of advanced physical structu re such as roads, legalised actions and legislations and lack of improved logistics, production methods and innovative business operations eventually act as an obstacle towards industrial clustering (Klepper, 2009). Along with the encouraging factors, there also lie certain major elements that act as a crucial obstacle towards industrial clustering. It has been identified that the two most inspiring and remarkable industry clusters of the United States are especially the semiconductor industry in Silicon Valley and the automobile industry in Detroit (Klepper, 2009). In the early days of semiconductor industry i.e. 1950, Silicon Valley enjoyed maximum financial leverage due to the contribution of its semiconductor industry. However, in the next 30 years, nearly 100 semiconductor companies

Abraham Lincoln (Sixteenth president) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abraham Lincoln (Sixteenth president) - Essay Example Even though the great future speaker almost did not attend school he received a good self-taught education (BiographyShelf.com n.p.). During the Black Hawk War, Lincoln served as a captain in the U.S. army and later he tried himself at several political and business ventures (USA Presidents n.p.). Then he served four times in the Illinois State Legislature and was elected to Congress for two times in 1847 and 1849 (USA Presidents n.p.). During this period, Lincoln being a member of the U.S. House of Representatives he opposed the Mexican War (Marian n.p.) During the Presidential election of 1860, Lincoln took the post of the head of the country. Being born to parents who thought the slave trade despicable, the President issued the Emancipation proclamation in 1863 (USA Presidents n.p.). This proclamation excited rebellion in some states, in result of which there were enacted the 13th and 14th Amendments of the United States Constitution. Thus, Lincoln established the federal enforcement of civil rights and abolished slavery (USA Presidents n.p.). As a president, Abraham Lincoln was focused on the political and military dimensions of the war, showing tremendous leadership to the Union populace during the war (USA Presidents n.p.). Abraham Lincoln actively participated in the war and closely controlled the war effort (USA Presidents n.p.). Thus, he made the faithful decision to appoint an army commander General Ulysses S. Grant, who had applied his military skills and knowledge to bring about the close of the Civil War (USA Presidents n.p.). During the Civil War, the president held more power than any previous president did; he frequently imprisoned Southern spies without trial and suspended the writ of habeas corpus (USA Presidents n.p.). During Lincoln’s terms in office, he set up the Department of Agriculture and facilitated the setting up of agricultural and mechanical colleges in each state (Marian n.p. and BiographyShelf.com n.p). Also, Lincoln

Major Differencies Between Eastern and Western Philosophies as the Basis for Adult Education Essay Example for Free

Major Differencies Between Eastern and Western Philosophies as the Basis for Adult Education Essay Western philosophy has its roots in Athens, Rome and Judeo ­Christianity while Eastern philosophy is derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism. As Greek and Latin are to Western civilisation, so classical Chinese is to East Asian civilisation. I will focus on four major differences between Eastern and Western philosophies. 1. Western Individualism and Eastern Collectivism In the Greco‑Roman tradition, the image of Prometheus powerfully illustrates the struggle for individual freedom. Prometheus had gone against Zeus, the all powerful god who ruled the sky from Mt. Olympus. Prometheus annoyed Zeus by creating human beings. To protect the human beings from Zeus, he stole fire from Hephaestos, the blackmith god and gave it to the human beings. This angered Zeus to the extent that Prometheus was chained to a rock and an eagle tore out his liver. In European consciousness, Prometheus had become the hero who: defied the patriarchy in the name of individual freedom, who brought light into our darkness. He was the saviour who sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, the benefactor who brought the gift of technology down from heaven, the teacher who taught us that we are not at the whims of the gods any more, who showed us how to use our intelligence to take control of the world. The Christian tradition has also reinforced the notion of individual rights. The Bible speaks of God creating Man in His own image and letting him have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle and over all the earth, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth (Genesis 1:26). By comparison, the Chinese live in a world of obligations: obligations to serve the ruler, obligations to work for the family, obligations to obey elders, obligations to help relatives, obligations to do well to glorify the name of ancestors, obligations to defend the country in times of trouble, and obligations to oneself to cultivate ones own virtue. It would also seem that rights only belong to one individual ‑ the Son of Heaven. Confucianism promotes conservatism and this stifles creativity and robs the people of self‑introspection. 2. Fragmentary and Holistic According to Fritjof Capra, the emphasis of rational thought is epitomised in Descartes celebrated statement,Cognito, ergo sum ‑ I think, therefore, I exist. This has forcefully encouraged Westerners to equate their identity with their rational mind rather than with the whole organism. This division between the mind and the body has led to a view of the universe as a mechanical system consisting of separate objects, which in turn were reduced to fundamental building blocks whose properties and interactions were thought to completely determine all natural phenomena. This mechanistic conception of the whole world is still the basis of most of our sciences and continues to have a tremendous influence on our lives. Academic disciplines become fragmented and this has served as a rationale for treating the universe as if it consisted of separate parts to be exploited by different groups. The essence of the Eastern world view is the awareness of the unity and the mutual inter‑relation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestation of a basic oneness. All things are seen as independent and inseparable parts of a cosmic whole, as different manifestations of the same ultimate reality. The Eastern traditions refer to this ultimate, indivisible reality as Brahman in Hinduism, Dharmakaya in Buddhism and Tao in Taoism. 3. Conflict and Harmony The Marxist view of history saw change as arising from a dialectic interplay of opposites ‑hence class struggle and conflict. Western civilisation based itself on the struggle between the Good and Evil, God and Satan or Psyche and Cupid. Eastern philosophical thought is based on this notion of the Yin and the Yang. Frithjof Capra describes the Yang as the strong,male creative power associated with Heaven while yin is the dark,receptive, female and maternal element. The dark yin and the bright yang are arranged in a symmetrical manner. They are dynamic ‑ a rotating symmetry suggesting very forcefully a continuous cyclic movement.The two dots in the diagram symbolise the idea that each one of the forces reaches its extreme, it contains in itself the seed of the opposite.Life says Chuang Tzuis the blended harmony of the yin and the yang. Taoism permeates the economic and social lives of the Chinese through geomancy, qigong, Chinese medicine and idol worship. As Chan observes:Almost every hotel, office and commercial building that has gone up within the last decade adheres to certain principles of geomancy or Fengshui ‑ the art and science of harmonising man and nature. 4. Idealism and Pragmatism. The Western idea of democracy does not fit into the Eastern scheme of things easily. In an interview by the Daily Telegraph on 16 October 1989 the former Prime Minister remarked that: I think in a mainly Chinese electorate, the idea of a loyal opposition and an alternative government does not come easily. Youre either for or against the government. The Confucianistic idea of social hierarchy where a persons existence is relational, extending from his family, society and country. The pragmatism of the East is exemplied in the way Confucianism has been used to emphasize order through social hierarchy and the rules and conventions. Taoism provided the meaning of life and thus compliment Confucianism. Confucius preached the doctrine of the here and now. The emphasis is one of life and life and not life and death. The sage hoped to hear the right way in the morning, and die in the evening without regret. What lays the foundation of life for the Chinese is the family and the continuation of the family also means the passing on of experience, culture and thought. The Taoists has an equal view of life and death seeing life and death as the coming out and going back of a human form of existence. Chuang Tsu talks of coming and going . Lao Tzu said,out to life, in to death. The crux of the matter is to make the best of the present.

SHOCK INCARCERATION Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miranda Warnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during police questioning, if you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you by the state. These words have preceded every arrest since Miranda v. Arizona 1966, informing every detained person of his rights before any type of formal police questioning begins. This issue has been a hot topic for decades causing arguments over whether or not the Miranda Warnings should or should not continue to be part of police practices, and judicial procedures. In this paper, the author intends to explore many aspects of the Miranda Warnings including; definition, history, importance to society, constitutional issues, and pro’s and con’s of having the Miranda Warnings incorporated into standard police procedures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Miranda Warning, is the requirement set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona June 13, 1966 that prior to the time of arrest and any interrogation of a person suspected of a crime, he/she must be told that he/she has: the right to remain silent, the right to be told that anything he/she said while in custody can and will be used against him/her in a court of law, and that he/she has the right to legal counsel. The Miranda Warnings inform the arrested of constitutional rights and are intended to prevent self-incrimination in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (Neubauer 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution states â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation† (Murphy1996). By neglecting to inform a suspect of his Constitutional rights the due course... ...nbsp;  1. Frieden, T. (1999, November 10). Government files brief seeking to preserve Miranda warnings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN. Retrieved Saturday May 1, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cnn.com/US/9911/02/miranda.warnings.01/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Ivers, G. (2002). American Constitutional Law: Power and Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Miranda v. Arizona: Certiorari to The Supreme Court of Arizona. (1966). United States Supreme Court. Retrieved April 23, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.tourolaw.edu/patch/Miranda/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.. Mount, S. (2003). The Miranda Warning. Retrieved Saturday May 1, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.usconstitution.net/miranda.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Murphy, G. (1996, October 16). Historical Documents: The Bill of Rights. Cleveland Free-Net. Retrieved April 23, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.lcweb2.loc.gov/const/bor.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6. Neubauer, D.W. (2002). America’s Courts and the Criminal Justice System. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth: Thomson Learning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Daniel Bernoulli

Daniel Bernoulli  (Groningen, 8 February 1700 –  Basel, 8 March 1782) was aDutch-Swiss  mathematician  and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in theBernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially  fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in  probability  andstatistics. Bernoulli's work is still studied at length by many schools of science throughout the world. In Physics :- He is the earliest writer who attempted to formulate a  kinetic theory of gases, and he applied the idea to explain  Boyle's law. 2] He worked with Euler on  elasticity  and the development of the  Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. [9]  Bernoulli's principle  is of critical use inaerodynamics. [4] Daniel Bernoulli, an eighteenth-century Swiss scientist, discovered that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases The relationship between the velocity and pressure exerted by a moving liquid is described by the  Bernoulli's principle:  as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases. Airplanes get a part of their lift by taking advantage of Bernoulli's principle. Race cars employ Bernoulli's principle to keep their rear wheels on the ground while traveling at high speeds. The Continuity Equation relates the speed of a fluid moving through a pipe to the cross sectional area of the pipe. It says that as a radius of the pipe decreases the speed of fluid flow must increase and visa-versa. This interactive tool lets you explore this principle of fluids. You can change the diameter of the red section of the pipe by dragging the top red edge up or down. Principle In  fluid dynamics,  Bernoulli's principle  states that for an  inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in  pressure  or a decrease in the  fluid's  potential energy. [1][2]  Bernoulli's principle is named after the  Dutch-Swiss  mathematician  Daniel Bernoulliwho published his principle in his book  Hydrodynamica  in 1738. 3] Bernoulli's principle can be applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in what is loosely denoted as  Bernoulli's equation. In fact, there are different forms of the Bernoulli equation for different types of flow. The simple form of Bernoulli's principle is valid for  incompressible flows  (e. g. most  liquid  flows) and also for  compressible flows  (e. g. gases) moving at low  Mach numbers. More advanced forms may in some cases be applied to compress ible flows at higher  Mach numbers(see  the derivations of the Bernoulli equation). Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of  conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a  streamline  is the same at all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remain constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs proportionately with an increase in both its  dynamic pressure  and  kinetic energy, and a decrease in its  static pressure  andpotential energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir the sum of all forms of energy is the same on all streamlines because in a reservoir the energy per unit mass (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential  ? g  h) is the same everywhere. [4] Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Newton's 2nd law. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. [5][6] Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest. ————————————————- Incompressible flow equation In most flows of liquids, and of gases at low  Mach number, the mass density of a fluid parcel can be considered to be constant, regardless of pressure variations in the flow. For this reason the fluid in such flows can be considered to be incompressible and these flows can be described as incompressible flow. Bernoulli performed his experiments on liquids and his equation in its original form is valid only for incompressible flow. A common form of Bernoulli's equation, valid at any  arbitrary  point along a  streamline  where gravity is constant, is: |   | |   |   | | | | | | | where: is the fluid flow  speed  at a point on a streamline, is the  acceleration due to gravity, is the  elevation  of the point above a reference plane, with the positive  z-direction pointing upward – so in the direction opposite to the gravitational acceleration,   is the  pressure  at the chosen point, and is the  density  of the fluid at all points in the flu id. For  conservative force  fields, Bernoulli's equation can be generalized as:[7] where  ? is the  force potential  at the point considered on the streamline. E. g. for the Earth's gravity  ?   gz. The following two assumptions must be met for this Bernoulli equation to apply:[7] * the fluid must be incompressible – even though pressure varies, the density must remain constant along a streamline; * friction by viscous forces has to be negligible. By multiplying with the fluid density  ? , equation (A) can be rewritten as: or: where: is  dynamic pressure, is the  piezometric head  or  hydraulic head  (the sum of the elevation  z  and the  pressure head)[8][9]  and   is the  total pressure  (the sum of the static pressure  p  and dynamic pressure  q). 10] The constant in the Bernoulli equation can be normalised. A common approach is in terms of  total head  or  energy head  H: The above equations suggest there is a flow sp eed at which pressure is zero, and at even higher speeds the pressure is negative. Most often, gases and liquids are not capable of negative absolute pressure, or even zero pressure, so clearly Bernoulli's equation ceases to be valid before zero pressure is reached. In liquids – when the pressure becomes too low –  cavitation  occurs. The above equations use a linear relationship between flow speed squared and pressure. At higher flow speeds in gases, or for  sound  waves in liquid, the changes in mass density become significant so that the assumption of constant density is invalid Simplified form In many applications of Bernoulli's equation, the change in the  ? g  z  term along the streamline is so small compared with the other terms it can be ignored. For example, in the case of aircraft in flight, the change in height  z  along a streamline is so small the  ? g  z  term can be omitted. This allows the above equation to be presented in the following simplified form: where  p0  is called total pressure, and  q  is  dynamic pressure. 11]  Many authors refer to the  pressure  p  as  static pressure  to distinguish it from total pressure  p0  and  dynamic pressure  q. In  Aerodynamics, L. J. Clancy writes: â€Å"To distinguish it from the total and dynamic pressures, the actual pressure of the fluid, which is associated not with its motion but with its state, is often referred to as the static pressure, but where the term pressure alone is used it refers to this static pressure. â€Å"[12] The simplified form of Bernoulli's equation can be summarized in the following memorable word equation: static pressure + dynamic pressure = total pressure[12] Every point in a steadily flowing fluid, regardless of the fluid speed at that point, has its own unique static pressure  p  and dynamic pressure  q. Their sum  p  +  q  is defined to be the total pressure  p0. The significance of Bernoulli's principle can now be summarized as  total pressure is constant along a streamline. If the fluid flow is  irrotational, the total pressure on every streamline is the same and Bernoulli's principle can be summarized as  total pressure is constant everywhere in the fluid flow. 13]  It is reasonable to assume that irrotational flow exists in any situation where a large body of fluid is flowing past a solid body. Examples are aircraft in flight, and ships moving in open bodies of water. However, it is important to remember that Bernoulli's principle does not apply in the  boundary layer  or in fluid flow through long  pipes. If the fluid flow at some point along a stream line is brought to rest, this point is called a st agnation point, and at this point the total pressure is equal to the  stagnation pressure. Applicability of incompressible flow equation to flow of gases Bernoulli's equation is sometimes valid for the flow of gases: provided that there is no transfer of kinetic or potential energy from the gas flow to the compression or expansion of the gas. If both the gas pressure and volume change simultaneously, then work will be done on or by the gas. In this case, Bernoulli's equation – in its incompressible flow form – can not be assumed to be valid. However if the gas process is entirely  isobaric, or  isochoric, then no work is done on or by the gas, (so the simple energy balance is not upset). According to the gas law, an isobaric or isochoric process is ordinarily the only way to ensure constant density in a gas. Also the gas density will be proportional to the ratio of pressure and absolute  temperature, however this ratio will vary upon compression or expansion, no matter what non-zero quantity of heat is added or removed. The only exception is if the net heat transfer is zero, as in a complete thermodynamic cycle, or in an individualisentropic  (frictionless  adiabatic) process, and even then this reversible process must be reversed, to restore the gas to the original pressure and specific volume, and thus density. Only then is the original, unmodified Bernoulli equation applicable. In this case the equation can be used if the flow speed of the gas is sufficiently below the  speed of sound, such that the variation in density of the gas (due to this effect) along each  streamline  can be ignored. Adiabatic flow at less than Mach 0. 3 is generally considered to be slow enough. [edit]Unsteady potential flow The Bernoulli equation for unsteady potential flow is used in the theory of  ocean surface waves  and  acoustics. For an  irrotational flow, the  flow velocity  can be described as the  gradient   f a  velocity potential  ?. In that case, and for a constant  density? , the  momentum  equations of the  Euler equations  can be integrated to:[14] which is a Bernoulli equation valid also for unsteady – or time dependent – flows. Here /? t  denotes the  partial derivative  of the velocity potential  ? with respect to time  t, and  v  =   | | is the flow speed. The function  f(t) depends only on time and not on position in the fluid. As a result, the Bernoulli equation at some moment  t  does not only apply along a certain streamline, but in the whole fluid domain. This is also true for the special case of a steady irrotational flow, in which case  f  is a constant. [14] Further  f(t) can be made equal to zero by incorporating it into the velocity potential using the transformation Note that the relation of the potential to the flow velocity is unaffected by this transformation: =  . The Bernoulli equation for unsteady potential flow also appears to play a central role in  Luke's variational principle, a variational description of free-surface flows using the  Lagrangian  (not to be confused with  Lagrangian coordinates). ————————————————- edit]Compressible flow equation Bernoulli developed his principle from his observations on liquids, and his equation is applicable only to incompressible fluids, and compressible fluids at very low speeds (perhaps up to 1/3 of the sound speed in the fluid). It is possible to use the fundamental principles of physics to develop similar equations applicable to compressible fluids. There are numerous equations, each tailored for a particular application, but all are analogous to Bernoulli's equation and all rely on nothing more than the fundamental principles of physics such as Newton's laws of motion or the  first law of thermodynamics. Compressible flow in fluid dynamics For a compressible fluid, with a  barotropic  equation of state, and under the action of  conservative forces, [15]  Ã‚  Ã‚  (constant along a streamline) where: p  is the  pressure ?  is the  density v  is the  flow speed ?  is the potential associated with the conservative force field, often the  gravitational potential In engineering situations, elevations are generally small compared to the size of the Earth, and the time scales of fluid flow are small enough to consider the equation of state as  adiabatic. In this case, the above equation becomes [16]  Ã‚  Ã‚  (constant along a streamline) here, in addition to the terms listed above: ?  is the  ratio of the specific heats  of the fluid g  is the acceleration due to gravity z  is the elevation of the point above a reference plane In many applications of compressible flow, changes in elevation are negligible compared to the other terms, so the term  gz   can be omitted. A very useful form of the equation is then: where: p0  is the  total pressure ?0  is the total density [edit]Compressible flow in thermodynamics Another useful form of the equation, suitable for use in thermodynamics, is: [17] Here  w  is the  enthalpy  per unit mass, which is also often written as  h  (not to be confused with â€Å"head† or â€Å"height†). Note that  Ã‚  where  ? is the  thermodynamic  energy per unit mass, also known as the  specific  internal energy. The constant on the right hand side is often called the Bernoulli constant and denoted  b. For steady inviscid  adiabatic  flow with no additional sources or sinks of energy,  b  is constant along any given streamline. More generally, when  b  may vary along streamlines, it still proves a useful parameter, related to the â€Å"head† of the fluid (see below). When the change in  ? can be ignored, a very useful form of this equation is: where  w0  is total enthalpy. For a calorically perfect gas such as an ideal gas, the enthalpy is directly proportional to the temperature, and this leads to the concept of the total (or stagnation) temperature. When  shock waves  are present, in a  reference frame  in which the shock is stationary and the flow is steady, many of the parameters in the Bernoulli equation suffer abrupt changes in passing through the shock. The Bernoulli parameter itself, however, remains unaffected. An exception to this rule is radiative shocks, which violate the assumptions leading to the Bernoulli equation, namely the lack of additional sinks or sources of energy. ————————————————- Real-world application Condensation visible over the upper surface of a wing caused by the fall in temperature  accompanying  the fall in pressure, both due to acceleration of the air. In modern everyday life there are many observations that can be successfully explained by application of Bernoulli's principle, even though no real fluid is entirely inviscid  [21]  and a small viscosity often has a large effect on the flow. Bernoulli's principle can be used to calculate the lift force on an airfoil if the behaviour of the fluid flow in the vicinity of the foil is known. For example, if the air flowing past the top surface of an aircraft wing is moving faster than the air flowing pas t the bottom surface, then Bernoulli's principle implies that the  pressure  on the surfaces of the wing will be lower above than below. This pressure difference results in an upwards  lift force. nb 1][22]  Whenever the distribution of speed past the top and bottom surfaces of a wing is known, the lift forces can be calculated (to a good approximation) using Bernoulli's equations[23]  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ established by Bernoulli over a century before the first man-made wings were used for the purpose of flight. Bernoulli's principle does not explain why the air flows faster past the top of the wing and slower past the underside. To understand why, it is helpful to understand  circulation, the  Kutta condition, and the  Kutta–Joukowski theorem. The  carburetor  used in many reciprocating engines contains a  venturi  to create a region of low pressure to draw fuel into the carburetor and mix it thoroughly with the incoming air. The low pressure in the throat of a venturi can be explained by Bernoulli's principle; in the narrow throat, the air is moving at its fastest speed and therefore it is at its lowest pressure. * The  Pitot tube  and  static port  on an aircraft are used to determine the  airspeed  of the aircraft. These two devices are connected to theairspeed indicator  which determines the  dynamic pressure  of the airflow past the aircraft. Dynamic pressure is the difference betweenstagnation pressure  and  static pressure. Bernoulli's principle is used to calibrate the airspeed indicator so that it displays the  indicated airspeed  appropriate to the dynamic pressure. [24] * The flow speed of a fluid can be measured using a device such as a  Venturi meter  or an  orifice plate, which can be placed into a pipeline to reduce the diameter of the flow. For a horizontal device, the  continuity equation  shows that for an incompressible fluid, the reduction in diameter will cause an increase in the fluid flow speed. Subsequently Bernoulli's principle then shows that there must be a decrease in the pressure in the reduced diameter region. This phenomenon is known as the  Venturi effect. * The maximum possible drain rate for a tank with a hole or tap at the base can be calculated directly from Bernoulli's equation, and is found to be proportional to the square root of the height of the fluid in the tank. This is  Torricelli's law, showing that Torricelli's law is compatible with Bernoulli's principle. Viscosity  lowers this drain rate. This is reflected in the discharge coefficient, which is a function of the Reynolds number and the shape of the orifice. 25] * In open-channel hydraulics, a detailed analysis of the Bernoulli theorem and its extension were recently (2009) developed. [26]  It was proved that the depth-averaged specific energy reaches a minimum in converging accelerating free-surface flow over weirs and flumes (also[27][28]). Further, in general, a channel control with minimum specific energy in curvilinear flow is not isolated from water waves, as customary state in open-channel hydraulics. * The  Bernoulli grip  relies on this principle to create a non-contact adhesive force between a surface and the gripper. [edit]

SCI Case Study

1. Why did Allen’s heart rate and blood pressure fall in this time of emergency (i.e. at a time when you’d expect just the opposite homeostatic response)? Pg. 969 This occurred because Allen’s spinal cord has decreased perfusion due to damage, and a broken vertebral bone. Also, there has been a disruptions of the sympathetic fibers of his autonomic nervous system therefore it can no longer stimulate the heart. Allen likely has spinal shock.2. Upon admission to the hospital, Allen’s breathing was rapid and shallow, can you explain why? Pg. 969 Due to Allen’s fall he likely has an incompetent diaphragm due to injuring a cervical segment. This would alter effect the lower motor neurons and external intercostal muscles. This would cause his chest x-ray to show a decreased lung expansion. This may have caused Allen to have to take rapid shallow breaths to maintain oxygenation. Overall, interruption of spinal innervation to the respiratory muscles would a lso explain his acidotic state.3. Why did Allen lose some sensation to his arms and all sensation from the upper trunk down? This is because Allen’s C5 segment was injured. Therefore, the dorsal column tracts and spinothalamic tracts were altered. This would cause Allen to have lost and decreased sensations.4. Why did Allen have dry skin and a fever upon admission to the hospital? pg. 970 The rationale for the dry skin and fever is that Allen had lack of sympathetic and hypothalamic control. Therefore, his body adapted to the temperature of the environment as wells as attempting to increase extracellular fluid. Overall, spinal shock would result in these symptoms along with decreased sweat production resulting from decreased sympathetic motor neuron stimulation.5. Based on the physical exam findings, which vertebral bone do you think was fractured? Give reasons for your answers? Pg. 969 Based on the physical findings I would say Allen’s fracture occurred at C5. I belie ve this is  where the fracture occurred because Allen had minimal biceps brachial stretch reflex, was able to raise his shoulders and tighten them, and could tighten his biceps.In addition Allen could not raise his arms against gravity, had flaccid lower extremities, and was without triceps or wrist extensor reflexes, and other muscle stretch reflexes were absent. If the fracture was at C4-5 Allen would not be able to shrug his shoulders and if the fracture was at C7 he could extend his flexed arms. Top of FormBottom of Form6. What is the normal pH of blood? Why was Allen’s blood pH below normal? Pg. 970-971. The normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45. Allen’s blood was acidotic due to a decrease in lung expansion and an alteration in the perfusion to his spinal cord. He also has an alteration in spinal innervation to the respiratory muscles including the phrenic nerve that controls the diaphragm. This would further cause Allen to not be able to adequately take in enough oxygen and blow off enough CO2 to adequately have gas exchange, within the alveoli. Respiratory failure.7. What is the primary muscle of respiration? What nerve initiates this muscle? The primary muscle of respiration is the diaphragm. The nerve that initiates this muscle is the phrenic nerve.8. Which spinal neurons to the nerve you named in question #7? Pg. 969. The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.9. By four days after the injury, some of Allen’s signs and symptoms had changed. Allen’s arm muscles were still flaccid, yet his leg muscles had become spastic and exhibited exaggerated stretch reflexes. Use your knowledge of motor neural pathways to explain these findings. Pg. 969. Allen is experiencing these signs and symptoms because he is his spinal shock is now resolved. Therefore his lower motor neurons will then be able to fire impulses unlike the upper motor neurons due to the injury being at C5. There fore, due to his cervical injury muscle spasticity, bladder activity, and reflex activity will begin. This is called spastic paralysis.10. Why did Allen suffer from urinary incontinence? Pg. 970. Allen suffered from urinary incontinence because of autonomic dysfunction. Initially autonomic dysfunction causes an areflexic bladder, also known as a neurogenic bladder. This means his bladder had zero ability to contract. Autonomic dysfunction then leads to urinary retention.

How to Write a Perfect Teaching Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Teaching Resume (Examples Included) if you’re a teacher (or looking to become one), it can be a daunting path: years of education, internships, certification hoops and tests. and once you get through all of those, you still have another stretch to look forward to: the job hunt. whether you’re just starting out or looking for your next opportunity as an educator, we’ve got some sample resumes that you can use as a guide. 1.Teaching paraprofessional / classroom aide resume2.Experienced science teacher resume3.School principal resumefirst up, let’s look at Greta’s resume. Greta is just out of school, and wants a job as a teaching paraprofessional (classroom aide) as a starting point for her career in education.download this resume in ms wordgreta berman 75 mockingjay lane farmingdale, nj 12345 (444) 666-7777 gretab@emaildomain.comexperienced, caring education professional with special needs student experience seeking a position as a classroom paraprofessional.core competencies  indi vidualized tutoring and lesson plansworking with students with diverse learning styles and educational needsgreat with kidsutilizing and modeling organizational skillsworking as part of a student-oriented teamknowledgeable about learning methods for elementary and middle school studentseducationplymouth rock university a.s., educationfrank sinatra high school high school diplomawork experiencespecial education classroom assistantfriendship school (magnet elementary school), springfield, nj august 2013 – june 2016planned lessons and curriculum in conjunction with the teacherassisted students with classwork and during recreational timesprovided 1-on-1 support for students with a variety of learning styles and needsmonitored classroom activitiesprovided afterschool care for special needs studentsplanned and executed group art projects for the classroomtutorbridges learning center, farmingdale, nj march 2011 – presenttutor students in reading and math at the elementary and middle school levelskeep students on track with curriculum and lesson plansassign homeworkconduct group tutoring sessions in addition to 1-on-1 lessonsplan and run parent tutoring training seminars to facilitate at-home tutoringaverage student grade improvements: 15 pointsgreta is very upfront about her goal, via her objective statement: she cares about students and wants to leverage her experience with special needs students into a next-level education role as a classroom paraprofessional. she doesn’t have tons of professional classroom experience yet, so she starts by emphasizing her core competencies (skills).next comes her education, to show that she’s on the education degree track, and has already gotten an associate’s degree in the field. her experience is broken into two parts: her professional experience, and her volunteer experience. volunteer experience isn’t necessary to list on your resume, but in a case like this, where it directly relates t o your work experience and your career path, it’s a good idea to include it. here, it shows that greta has a lengthy history of working with students outside the classroom.want to find the perfect paraprofessional job for you? thejobnetwork has you covered: search here for open positions nationwide.next, let’s look at Herman’s resume. Herman is a former teacher who’s trying to get back into the classroom after a break.download this resume in ms wordherman carson 1276 first st santa fe, nm 99999 (999) 777-8888 herman@emaildomain.comaward-winning high school science teachercommitted educator eager to resume teaching full-time currently substitute teaching district teacher of the year committed to positive student growth and learning outcomes strong classroom managementawards and certificationsdistrict teacher of the year, 2006 santa fe school districtnew mexico teacher certification renewed 2015experiencesanta fe hills high school (santa fe, nm) substit ute teacher (grades 9-12) august 2008 – presentsubstitute teacher rated highly for dependability, flexibility, and commitment to keeping students on curriculum.implement curriculum and study plans for long- and short-term assignments in earth science, biology, chemistry, and physics classestake attendance and manage classroom orderschedule and host student and parent conferences during longer-term assignmentsplan lessons for studentsst. albert high school (santa fe, nm)earth sciences/biology teacher (grades 10-12), 1998 – 2008girls’ soccer coach, 1999 – 2003created engaging lesson plans in line with state curriculum standards across several science disciplineschaired the annual st. albert science fairheld conferences with students and parents to update them on student progress and improve student outcomes as necessarycoordinated and coached the after school girls’ intramural soccer programherman has a bit of a challenge: he used to be a full-time t eacher (and apparently a popular one), but has been substitute teaching for a few years in the meantime. he wants to get back in his own classroom full-time, but how can he move closer to that goal with his resume?basically, he does it here by creating a banner/theme (that he’s a qualified, award-winning educator), then focusing on his long years of experience. notice he doesn’t go into specifics about why he was substituting for the past several years- he can use his cover letter or interview to offer more context about the whys. otherwise, he sticks with the standard reverse-chronological format, listing his experience and then wrapping up with his skills.looking for a job as a full-time classroom teacher? thejobnetwork has options all over the country: search here for open positions nationwide.last but not least, we have Derek, who is trying to move up a level to become a principal.download this resume in ms wordDerek Gabarelli 54 dog lane framingham, ma 33333 (333) 222-1111 dpgabarelli@emaildomain.comresults-oriented leader, administrator, and educator with more than 20 years of experience implementing curriculum, developing sustainable initiatives, and exceeding benchmarks.experienceassistant principalsamuel adams middle schoolnorth framingham, ma 2005 – presentimplemented the samuel adams success (sas) plan that increased student achievement and attendance rates over a two-year period, and successfully implemented common core curriculum and benchmarks.spearheaded the school improvement initiative in conjunction with six other district schools.applied for and received the massachusetts school improvement grant in 2014, with a focus on sustainable student initiatives.onboarded common core curriculum across all departments. identified testing goals, monitored progress, and course corrected to meet established benchmarks.manage $1.5 million dollar annual budget, with an emphasis on developing sustainability initiatives, minimizing studen t suspensions and maximizing professional development opportunities for faculty and staff.oversaw implementation of school breakfast program.identified and organized professional development opportunities to address gaps in staff teaching and student learning.manage a faculty and staff of 85.social studies teacherbranford middle school leominster, ma1990 – 2005  Derek wants the reader to know that he’s built the leadership skills necessary to take over as principal for a school. as such, he goes with a strong summary statement that emphasizes his high-level accomplishments, then goes right into his specific work experience. the reverse-chronological format works well here, as the reader can see that Derek has a strong background. Also, note that Derek doesn’t necessarily include every job he’s ever had- he focuses on the ones that support his goal of becoming a principal. sure, his college job waiting tables may have helped him develop resilience or peo ple skills, but those aren’t necessarily the skills he wants to emphasize to get to the next level of his career. it’s important to keep your resume energies focused on the skills and experience that matter most to the job for which you’re applying.on the hunt for a school administration job?  check out the following listings on thejobnetwork:school principalschool assistant principalschool guidance counselorWant more resume samples?How to Write a Perfect Administrative Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Barista Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Caregiver Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Cashier Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Certified Nursing Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Cosmetology Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Construction Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Customer Service Representative Resume (Examples Included)How to Wr ite a Perfect Customer Service Resume (Examples Included)How to Build a Great Dental Assistant Resume (Examples Included)

Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos por los abuelos

Ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos por los abuelos Entre los caminos que existen para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana, uno es por derecho de sangre que se deriva a travà ©s de los abuelos. Esto aplica al caso de nià ±os nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos  que son hijos de padre o madre ciudadano americano pero estos no cumplen los requisitos para transmitirles la nacionalidad en el momento del nacimiento. Al mismo tiempo, estos nià ±os residen habitualmente en un paà ­s distinto a los Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, una seà ±ora americana vive desde que nace hasta los 24 aà ±os en Estados Unidos. Viaja al extranjero y se queda a vivir allà ­, donde forma una familia. Su hijo nacido en el extranjero va a ser americano desde el momento de su nacimiento. Y este nià ±o siempre vive en el paà ­s en el que ha nacido, con o sin viajes espordicos a Estados Unidos. Con el paso de los aà ±os ese hijo  se convierte en adulto y tiene un hijo. Este infante (nieto de ciudadana americana), no es americano por nacimiento, a pesar de ser hijo de un estadounidense. Para estos casos y similares aplica el supuesto que se explica en este artà ­culo a continuacià ³n. Requisitos para adquirir la ciudadana por uno de los abuelos Se deben cumplir TODOS los requisitos siguientes: El nià ±o ha de ser menor de 18 aà ±os de edad y soltero Tiene que vivir habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos y con su padre o madre que es ciudadano, quien debe tener su custodia legal, en solitario o compartida con el otro progenitor. la à ºnica excepcià ³n es en el caso de que haya fallecido. En este caso el progenitor que sobrevive o el guardin legal deben no oponerse a que el nià ±o adquiera la ciudadanà ­a de USA por un abuelo.El padre o la madre del nià ±o deben ser ciudadanos americanos. Es indiferente cà ³mo adquirieron esa condicià ³n.  El abuelo o la abuela tienen que ser ciudadano  en el momento en el que se solicita la ciudadanà ­a para el nieto o nieta. Si ha fallecido, debe probarse que lo era en el momento de su fallecimiento.Adems, debe poder demostrar con documentacià ³n que el abuelo o abuela ha residido en Estados Unidos por un mà ­nimo de cinco aà ±os, de los que al menos dos ha tenido que ser despuà ©s de haber cumplido los 14. Si ha falle cido, este requisito debe haberse cumplido antes de la fecha de fallecimiento. El tiempo no tiene que ser seguido. Es suficiente sumar el total del periodo que se pide. En el caso de militares, los tiempos de presencia en Estados Unidos se computan de una manera especial. Tramitacin de la solicitud de ciudadana para el nieto En estos casos, los nià ±os no adquieren la ciudadanà ­a de forma automtica. Es necesaria realizar una tramitacià ³n que debe completarse en los Estados Unidos. Para ello es necesario que el infante ingrese legalmente al paà ­s. Generalmente lo har con una visa de turista pero puede hacerlo con cualquiera otra. Destacar que los consulados no estn obligados a aprobar visas. Conceden las visas si se cumplen los requisitos especà ­ficos de cada uno de ellas.   Una vez en Estados Unidos, el nià ±o debe mantener en todo momento presencia legal. Esto es muy importante y tener claro la fecha mxima para permanecer legalmente en el paà ­s.   A continuacià ³n debe llenarse la planilla  N-600K, que debe ser firmada por el progenitor que es ciudadano americano. Si el progenitor ha fallecido, podr hacerlo el abuelo ciudadano o el progenitor sobreviviente. En este caso tener en cuenta que no pueden haber pasado ms de cinco aà ±os a contar desde el dà ­a en que fallecià ³ el padre o madre ciudadano. Tambià ©n hay que pagar el arancel correspondiente, adjuntar en inglà ©s toda la documentacià ³n de apoyo que se pide. Documentos que hay que enviar con la planilla N-600K Todos los documentos en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s tienen que ser traducidos y acompaà ±ados por un certificado de traduccià ³n. Entre los documentos que se necesita adjuntar estn: Certificado de nacimiento del nià ±o.Si los padres estn casados, los certificados de matrimonio. Si previamente han estado casados, los certificados de divorcio o de viudedad que puso fin al anterior matrimonio.  Si los padres no estn casados y el ciudadano es el padre, documento que acredite la legitimacià ³n del hijo.En los casos de separacià ³n o divorcio, documento que acredite que se tiene la custodia legal sobre el menor.Documento que acredite la ciudadanà ­a del padre o madre y la del abuelo o abuela.  Documentos que acrediten que el abuelo o abuela cumple con los requisitos de presencia de cinco aà ±os en Estados Unidos o sus territorios de los cuales dos han tenido que ser despuà ©s de cumplir los 14 aà ±os. El tiempo no tiene que ser continuo. Y si el abuelo o abuela adquirieron la ciudadanà ­a despuà ©s de nacer, tambià ©n se puede computar el tiempo transcurrido en Estados Unidos con un estatus diferente al de ciudadano.  Documentos que acredite que el inf ante est legalmente en los Estados Unidos, como copia de la visa y del I-94.   Evidencia que demuestre cambios legales de nombres y/o apellidos, si los hubiera habido. Tener en cuenta que si previamente se ha enviado al USCIS esta documentacià ³n en relacià ³n a la peticià ³n de una tarjeta de residencia para el hijo por parte de un ciudadano americano, entonces no ser necesario volverla a enviar. Adems, tener presente que para el cà ³mputo de presencia se considera Estados Unidos y sus territorios cualquiera de los 50 estados de la Unià ³n Americana, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Guam, Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas y las Islas Marianas del Norte.   Qu documentos sirven para acreditar presencia en los Estados Unidos? En realidad, cualquiera que sirva para demostrar este requisito. Los que ms frecuentemente se aceptan son: Rà ©cords mà ©dicos, militares o de escuela.Recibos de pago de hipotecas, alquileres, electricidad, seguros, etc. Contratos de todo tipoPrueba de haber trabajado como el W-2.Pago de impuestos (tax returns) Escrituras de propiedad Declaraciones juradas de miembros de iglesias, sindicatos (union) u otro tipo de organizaciones. Direccin a la que se enva la papelera USCISP.O. Box 20100Phoenix, AZ 85036 O por correo urgente a: USCISAttn: Form N-600K1820 E. Skyharbor Circle SSuite 100Phoenix, AZ 85034 Los militares deben aplicar al centro del USCIS en Lincoln, Nebraska. Entrevista, juramento, ciudadana y pasaporte Es posible que durante la tramitacià ³n de la naturalizacià ³n, el nià ±o y su abuelo ciudadano tengan que ir a una oficina del USCIS a una entrevista. Sin embargo, es posible que Inmigracià ³n determine que no es necesaria por tener ya toda la documentacià ³n necesaria para probar que el infante es elegible para este derecho.   Si el USCIS considera que se cumplen todos los requisitos y se reconoce la ciudadanà ­a al menor, à ©ste tendr que prestar el juramento de lealtad a los Estados Unidos (Oath of Allegiance) si ya ha cumplido los 14 aà ±os de edad. Si es ms pequeà ±o se considera que no tiene capacidad para entenderlo y, por lo tanto, no se pide que cumpla con esta obligacià ³n. Cuando se recibe el Certificado de Ciudadanà ­a ya se es ciudadano. A partir de ahà ­ ya se puede solicitar un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social y un pasaporte para el menor. Respecto a esto à ºltimo, tener en cuenta las reglas de la presencia de ambos padres. Adems, informarse sobre los documentos que puede utilizar un estadounidense para ingresar y salir del paà ­s y quà © tipo de documentacià ³n se pide cuando un menor viaja internacionalmente solo o en compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de solamente uno de los padres. Qu sucede cuando el USCIS no aprueba la peticin Si el gobierno considera que no se reà ºnen todos los requisitos enumerados en las leyes, asà ­ lo comunicar por carta notificando la razà ³n para la negativa. A partir de ahà ­ se tiene un plazo de 30 dà ­as para apelar la decisià ³n. Ley que regula este derecho La seccià ³n 322 de la Ley de Naturalizacià ³n e Inmigracià ³n (INA, siglas en inglà ©s) regula los derechos de los nià ±os nacidos en el extranjeros que pueden tener derecho a la ciudadanà ­a americana. Tambià ©n es fundamental para la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a por los abuelos la Ley de Ciudadanà ­a para nià ±os o Child Citizenship Act (CCA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) del aà ±o 2000 y que entrà ³ en vigor el 27 de febrero de 2001. Hay que tener siempre en cuenta que es frecuente que las leyes sufran reformas con el paso del tiempo, como le ha pasado a la INA en numerosas ocasiones. Por lo tanto, muchas veces conviene informarse no sà ³lo de lo que aplica ahora sino tambià ©n de lo que aplicaba en el momento en el que una persona nacià ³ y ver si esa situacià ³n, si es beneficiosa, puede todavà ­a reclamar o ya no. Tip Si una persona tiene dudas sobre si es ciudadana americana o no, siempre puede marcar al 1-800-375-5283. Tambià ©n se puede escribir un correo electrà ³nico a: askpristate.gov. O se puede contratar los servicios de un abogado de inmigracià ³n experto en asuntos de ciudadanà ­a y naturalizacià ³n. A tener en cuenta Este derecho se deriva de abuelo o abuela. Y tambià ©n es indiferente si se trata por el lado materno o el paterno.  Asimismo, los nià ±os que se pueden beneficiar son tanto los varones como las mujeres. No hay distincià ³n por razà ³n de sexo. En el caso de militares, verificar las reglas especiales que aplican para contabilizar el tiempo residido en Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n aplican para ellos reglas especiales sobre la presencia fà ­sica del menor en Estados Unidos durante la tramitacià ³n de la naturalizacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, si el và ­nculo entre el progenitor ciudadano y el hijo es por adopcià ³n, informarse sobre todos los casos posibles.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso en particular.

Examining the literary devices used in the novels Homage to Catalonia, Essay

Examining the literary devices used in the novels Homage to Catalonia, For Whom The Bell Tolls, and As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning to portray the Spanish Civil War - Essay Example One of the most important elements about these accounts of the civil war period in Spain is the fact that every author has approached and treated the civil war experience in his particular style. Thus, one gets three beautiful accounts of the same background in the subtlest manner, and a reflective analysis of the works proves the individual narrative techniques of every writer as most distinct. The authors of these literary pieces employ different literary devices in their works such as adjectives, hyperbolic language, use of allusion, etc and each of these devices has immense significance as the authors depend greatly on these in narrating their experiences of the civil war. The contrasting methods of the writers find most valuable in an understanding the different accounts of the experiences in the Spanish Civil War, and the authors have been effective in portraying the picture of the civil war. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the accounts of the civil war experiences b y the three authors Orwell, Hemingway, and Lee, focusing on their use of different literary devices to portray the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls narrates the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in one of the anti-fascist guerilla groups during the Spanish Civil War. Jordan is proficient in the use of explosives and he undertakes the task of demolishing a bridge in an attack on the city of Segovia. The narrative techniques used by Hemingway have resulted in wide readership. In the narrative, Robert Jordan reflects the author’s own experiences in the Spanish Civil War and the novel develops chiefly through the thoughts and experiences of this character. The narrator is an American who passes through distinctive experience in Spain and he combats the fascist forces in his own specific ways. The novel attracts many readers as the specific narrative

Clan of the Cave Bear Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Clan of the Cave Bear - Term Paper Example The woman’s name is Iza and she requests the clans leader,’Brun’ since the girl belonged to a distrusted antagonists of the clan and as such they had been nicknamed, â€Å"the others†. With the help of her brother who happens to be the â€Å"Mog-ur† of the group in spite of him being disabled. It happens that immediately the group adopts Ayla they are lucky and find another cave. Therefore she is adored and is seen as a good omen to the clan. In fact better thing come their way from that time. She is even given the role of becoming the next Mog-ur of the new cave. However, the young man who is expected to that over the clans leadership is angered by the way she is being envied by most people plans to avenge (Auel 1-211). Paleoenvironment Flora refers to the plants while fauna refers to the wildlife and they are distinct from place to place. In the case of this book the environment hosts a lot of animals and plant. In fact, it is evident from the boo k that the caves are in a forest. This has made the lives of the Neandertal to be easily since they are hunters and gathers as well as farmers. The farming aspect can be seen though the readily available green vegetables and plants like cinnamon. More so they have horses which are tamed (Auel 14).The fact also that there is a Mug-ur and a sister medicine woman revels the presence of many indigenous trees (Auel 94). Another example is revealed when Durc is heard telling Vorn how his hunt had favored him and he caught a deer that was being cooked by his mate (Auel 19). Further there are many fruits and this is revealed by Ura when he says, that cinnamon tastes good with apples. Moreover, the presence of foods like bread and cakes demonstrates that wheat was being cultivated (Auel 208). In addition, there are many birds in this setting as defined in this text of songbirds and squirrels fly (Auel 18). Lastly the book demonstrates that there are a lot of greens most of which was used by the clan as food (Auel 100). Neandertals v. Moderns There are very many anatomical, behavioral, and mental differences between the Neandertals and the current world people. For example their mode of survival in the Neandertals is totally different they have demonstrated to be almost supernatural if they can live in cave under ice and harsh cold conditions (Auel 19). Moreover, their eating habits are not what a modern day person would prefer. They survived on mainly wild meat and fruits and even used herbs as their only medication. Consequently, these people have been portrayed as being illiterate a thing that is almost inexistent in the modern would. However they have proved that literacy I not wisdom because they have demonstrated that even with the lack of basic education they were able to survive under hardships and they even had leaders and a medicine woman (Auel 23). Lastly but not the least their adaptation to harsh cold weather is seen as having a big start at an early age. T his is seen through the many children that the Neandertals bore and raised. The Neandertals also have a difference with the modern people through their neighborliness and harmonious way of living. They mind and watched each other closely and yet they were able to maintain respect for each other.

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Essay

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Traditions of Behavior - Essay Example The paper "The influence of film on fashion" explores film influenced on the fashion. The film industry has also used this as a tool to create messages with the intent of changing and challenging cultural trends. In looking at the way in which fashion and behavior has been influenced by film, it is clear that the film industry has had a monumental impact on the way in which the event of going to the movies has a broader influence than merely the entertainment value that is offered. The existence of fashion in film is a form of communication that lends to the overall intent of each scene. According to Munich, the fashion in film gives further meaning to the communication that is intended by the look that has been created to enhance the overall design and look. Fashion and costuming becomes a part of the set design, the color of the walls being in balance with the color of the dress, the forms and structures of each element of the scene, including the clothing that the actors wear, a c arefully constructed ‘painting’ that gives to each scene the depth that will provide the messages that the meaning intends to convey. The look is a part of the overall communication, tying the fashion to cultural meanings and emphasizing new ways of viewing when done well. The meanings behind fashion have often been in creating a sense of social class, but through film these meanings become conveyed to all classes. According to what Munich has written, â€Å"Film offers fashion to the masses and is an avenue to its democratization†. ... A bottle of Coca Cola is a classic example of how the consumer culture is equalized through transactions. A bottle Coca Cola is worth the same amount of money to someone who is poor as it is to someone who is wealthy. No one pays more or less for a better or worse bottle of the product (Pendergrast 15). In this same vein of thought, Munich has suggested that fashion has been equalized through the same process as fashion becomes accessible for cloning to those in lower class levels as well as higher class levels (5). The visual opportunity to see styles and concepts allows for fashion to infiltrate sectors of the society that would not have had this opportunity in other time periods where accessibility was as easily attained. In designing clothing for the public, a designer must not only have a sense of how the evolution of the history of fashion has transpired, but must have a sense of what is important within the culture so that the clothing continues that communication. Film influe nces the direction that cultural thought processes are developed, and how the dress of a film has been developed in order to understand those thought processes further can be transferred as a part of the communication and message. An example of this type of influence can be seen through the film Annie Hall directed by Woody Allen. In the film, the lead character Annie Hall, played by Dianne Keaton, wears a specific wardrobe that has a masculinized representation. The wardrobe includes menswear in the form of hats, ties, and menswear style fabrics. The look was casual, oversized, and detailed with feminine pieces to give a sophisticated, cross gender look. After the release of the film, the look as it was created by